Focus

Brain Science and Neurotoxicology

Biography

Respected scientist, educator and academic leader, Tomás R. Guilarte, Ph.D., became dean of Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work at Florida International University (FIU) in January 2016. He joined FIU after serving as the inaugural Leon Hess Professor and Chairman of the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia University-Mailman School of Public Health in the City of New York.

Prior to Columbia University, Guilarte received his doctorate and spent three decades as a professor and researcher in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. As of 2018, Guilarte is a member of the Johns Hopkins Society of Scholars, which was established in 1967 on the recommendation of then president Milton S. Eisenhower and was approved by the University’s Board of Trustees.

Guilarte’s research explores the impact of environmental pollutants on neurological and mental disease. His work uses behavioral, cellular and molecular approaches, ranging from studies using primary culture of brain cells to the application of brain imaging technologies.

He is renowned for revealing the effects that low-level lead exposure has on the central nervous system during brain development, a discovery that led to strategies for mitigating learning deficits. In fact, these strategies are now translated to human populations.

Guilarte’s research team played an important role in the validation and application of a biomarker for brain injury and inflammation that is used clinically in major medical centers around the world. In 2017, Guilarte worked closely with Anna Rothschild, the host of NOVA’s Gross Science, to translate his National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) research into insights for WGBH/PBS Digital Studios’ web segment “What Does Lead Poisoning do to the Brain?” and feature-length documentary on Flint’s “Poisoned Water“. Both productions take a deeper look at lead poisoning in adults and children, while illustrating how damaging this heavy metal is to the body—especially the brain—and how science may be on the right path to eventually finding a treatment.

His laboratory has also made seminal findings in the neurotoxicology of manganese and associated neurological disease.

Guilarte’s research is funded—and has been for more than 23 years—by grants from the NIEHS, for which he served as a member of the Advisory Council until 2017. Guilarte has also participated in many NIH study sections, review panels, and committees at the national and international level. In Miami, he has served as a member of the Miami-Dade County Mayor’s HIV/AIDS Getting to Zero Task Force and Opioid Addiction Task Force.

In 2018, the Hispanic Organization of Toxicologists (HOT) honored Guilarte as the recipient of the Distinguished Toxicologist Award, which celebrates a toxicologist of Hispanic origin for his or her outstanding professional achievements, excellence in research and level of service to the Society of Toxicology (SOT).

In the News

FIU News: Can the lifelong effects of childhood lead exposure ever be reversed?

No level of lead exposure is safe for children. But millions have been exposed. Now nearly four decades of work has brought one FIU researcher closer to a possible therapeutic solution that could reverse the devastating effects of environmental lead exposure on the brain.

National Geographic: This is what you need to know about lead and your health

From popular reusable water bottles to aviation fuel, lead is ubiquitous. Should we be worried?

FIU News: FIU dean appointed to committee of the NIH Undiagnosed Disease Network to help provide answers to patients with rare diseases

Renowned environmental health scientist and neurotoxicologist Tomás R. Guilarte to join team of researchers and physicians in helping patients find hope and answers to undiagnosed conditions.

The New York Times: Elevated Lead Levels Found in One-Third of Cinnamon Samples

Consumer Reports found lead in a variety of cinammon products being sold in discount stores and ethnic markets. Dr. Guilarte shares the serious health risks posed by lead-contaminated foods and emphasized the need for stronger enforcement and testing measures to protect public health.

Society of Toxicology: Brain, Behavior and the Environment

The Brain, Behavior and the Environment program at FIU’s  Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work   was selected as one of the premier programs featured in the Society of Toxicology’s leadership film series. The film series profiles academic, government and industry partners working at the forefront of creating a healthier and safer world by advancing science and increasing the impact of toxicology.

Lab

Guilarte oversees the Brain, Behavior and the Environment laboratory as principal investigator.

Education

• Johns Hopkins University, Ph.D.
• University of Florida, MS
• University of Florida, BS

Publications/Research

Letter to the Editor: Regarding Foster et al., Neonatal C57BL/6J and parkin mice respond differently following developmental manganese exposure: Result of a high dose pilot study. Guilarte TR. Neurotoxicology. 2017 Nov 21. pii: S0161-813X(17)30228-0. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.11.005. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Rescues Lead-Induced Impairment of Vesicular Release: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Lead Intoxicated Children. Zhang XL, McGlothan JL, Miry O, Stansfield KH, Loth MK, Stanton PK, Guilarte TR. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Oct 4. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx210. [Epub ahead of print]

Imaging of Glial Cell Activation and White Matter Integrity in Brains of Active and Recently Retired National Football League Players. Coughlin JM, Wang Y, Minn I, Bienko N, Ambinder EB, Xu X, Peters ME, Dougherty JW, Vranesic M, Koo SM, Ahn HH, Lee M, Cottrell C, Sair HI, Sawa A, Munro CA, Nowinski CJ, Dannals RF, Lyketsos CG, Kassiou M, Smith G, Caffo B, Mori S, Guilarte TR, Pomper MG. JAMA Neurol. 2017 Jan 1;74(1):67-74. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3764.

Sex and genetic differences in the effects of acute diesel exhaust exposure on inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse brain.  Cole TB, Coburn J, Dao K, Roqué P, Chang YC, Kalia V, Guilarte TR, Dziedzic J, Costa LG. Toxicology. 2016 Dec 30;374:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.010. Epub 2016 Nov 16.

Chronic early life lead (Pb ₂₊) exposure alters presynaptic vesicle pools in hippocampal synapses.  Guariglia SR, Stansfield KH, McGlothan J, Guilarte TR. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016 Nov 2;17(1):56.

In Vitro  Effects of Lead on Gene Expression in Neural Stem Cells and Associations between Up-regulated Genes and Cognitive Scores in Children.  Wagner PJ, Park HR, Wang Z, Kirchner R, Wei Y, Su L, Stanfield K, Guilarte TR, Wright RO, Christiani DC, Lu Q. Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Apr;125(4):721-729. doi: 10.1289/EHP265. Epub 2016 Aug 26.

The US Cancer Moonshot initiative.Aelion CM, Airhihenbuwa CO, Alemagno S, Amler RW, Arnett DK, Balas A, Bertozzi S, Blakely CH, Boerwinkle E, Brandt-Rauf P, Buekens PM, Chandler GT, Chang RW, Clark JE, Cleary PD, Curran JW, Curry SJ, Diez Roux AV, Dittus R, Ellerbeck EF, El-Mohandes A, Eriksen MP, Erwin PC, Evans G, Finnegan JR Jr, Fried LP, Frumkin H, Galea S, Goff DC Jr, Goldman LR, Guilarte TR, Rivera-Gutiérrez R, Halverson PK, Hand GA, Harris CM, Healton CG, Hennig N, Heymann J, Hunter D, Hwang W, Jones RM, Klag MJ, Klesges LM, Lahey T, Lawlor EF, Maddock J, Martin WJ, Mazzaschi AJ, Michael M, Mohammed SD, Nasca PC, Nash D, Ogunseitan OA, Perez RA, Perri M, Petersen DJ, Peterson DV, Philbert M, Pinto-Martin J, Raczynski JM, Raskob GE, Rimer BK, Rohrbach LA, Rudkin LL, Siminoff L, Szapocznik J, Thombs D, Torabi MR, Weiler RM, Wetle TF, Williams PL, Wykoff R, Ying J. Lancet Oncol. 2016 May;17(5):e178-80. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30054-7. Epub 2016 Apr 27. No abstract available.

Neurochemistry of lead and manganese.  Austin RN, Freeman JL, Guilarte TR. Metallomics. 2016 Jun 1;8(6):561-2. doi: 10.1039/c6mt90017h. No abstract available.

TSPO Finds NOX2 in Microglia for Redox Homeostasis.  Guilarte TR, Loth MK, Guariglia SR. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Mar 29. pii: S0165-6147(16)00043-2. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.02.008. [Epub ahead of print] Review.

Translational Biomarkers of Neurotoxicity: A Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Perspective on the Way Forward.  Roberts RA, Aschner M, Calligaro D, Guilarte TR, Hanig JP, Herr DW, Hudzik TJ, Jeromin A, Kallman MJ, Liachenko S, Lynch JJ 3rd, Miller DB, Moser VC, O’Callaghan JP, Slikker W Jr, Paule MG. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Dec;148(2):332-40. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv188. Review.

TSPO in a murine model of Sandhoff disease: presymptomatic marker of neurodegeneration and disease pathophysiology.  Loth MK, Choi J, McGlothan JL, Pletnikov MV, Pomper MG, Guilarte TR. Neurobiol Dis. 2016 Jan;85:174-186. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.11.001. Epub 2015 Nov 3.

Novel BAC Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease with 225 CAG Repeats Exhibits an Early Widespread and Stable Degenerative Phenotype.  Wegrzynowicz M, Bichell TJ, Soares BD, Loth MK, McGlothan JS, Mori S, Alikhan FS, Hua K, Coughlin JM, Holt HK, Jetter CS, Pomper MG, Osmand AP, Guilarte TR, Bowman AB. J Huntingtons Dis. 2015;4(1):17-36.

Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism Is Not Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Environmental and Genetic Evidence.  Guilarte TR, Gonzales KK. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Aug;146(2):204-12. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv099. Review.

Presynaptic mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity: effects on vesicular release, vesicle clustering and mitochondria number.   Zhang XL, Guariglia SR, McGlothan JL, Stansfield KH, Stanton PK, Guilarte TR. PLoS One. 2015 May 26;10(5):e0127461. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127461. eCollection 2015.

Neuroinflammation and brain atrophy in former NFL players: An in vivo multimodal imaging pilot study.  Coughlin JM, Wang Y, Munro CA, Ma S, Yue C, Chen S, Airan R, Kim PK, Adams AV, Garcia C, Higgs C, Sair HI, Sawa A, Smith G, Lyketsos CG, Caffo B, Kassiou M, Guilarte TR, Pomper MG. Neurobiol Dis. 2015 Feb;74:58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.019. Epub 2014 Nov 7.

Biomarker and more: can translocator protein 18 kDa predict recovery from brain injury and myocarditis?  Fairweather D, Guilarte TR, Cooper LT Jr. Biomark Med. 2014;8(5):605-7. doi: 10.2217/bmm.14.46. No abstract available.

BDNF and Huntingtin protein modifications by manganese: implications for striatal medium spiny neuron pathology in manganese neurotoxicity.  Stansfield KH, Bichell TJ, Bowman AB, Guilarte TR. J Neurochem. 2014 Dec;131(5):655-66. doi: 10.1111/jnc.12926. Epub 2014 Sep 2.

Regional brain distribution of translocator protein using [(11)C]DPA-713 PET in individuals infected with HIV.  Coughlin JM, Wang Y, Ma S, Yue C, Kim PK, Adams AV, Roosa HV, Gage KL, Stathis M, Rais R, Rojas C, McGlothan JL, Watkins CC, Sacktor N, Guilarte TR, Zhou Y, Sawa A, Slusher BS, Caffo B, Kassiou M, Endres CJ, Pomper MG. J Neurovirol. 2014 Jun;20(3):219-32. doi: 10.1007/s13365-014-0239-5. Epub 2014 Feb 25.

Sex differences in translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) in the heart: implications for imaging myocardial inflammation.  Fairweather D, Coronado MJ, Garton AE, Dziedzic JL, Bucek A, Cooper LT Jr, Brandt JE, Alikhan FS, Wang H, Endres CJ, Choi J, Pomper MG, Guilarte TR. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2014 Mar;7(2):192-202. doi: 10.1007/s12265-013-9538-0. Epub 2014 Jan 9.

Rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy due to portacaval shunt show differential increase of translocator protein (18 kDa) binding in different brain areas, which is not affected by chronic MAP-kinase p38 inhibition.  Agusti A, Dziedzic JL, Hernandez-Rabaza V, Guilarte TR, Felipo V. Metab Brain Dis. 2014 Dec;29(4):955-63. doi: 10.1007/s11011-013-9461-8. Epub 2013 Dec 4.

Manganese neurotoxicity: new perspectives from behavioral, neuroimaging, and neuropathological studies in humans and non-human primates.  Guilarte TR. Front Aging Neurosci. 2013 Jun 24;5:23. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00023. eCollection 2013.

Chronic exposure of mutant DISC1 mice to lead produces sex-dependent abnormalities consistent with schizophrenia and related mental disorders: a gene-environment interaction study.  Abazyan B, Dziedzic J, Hua K, Abazyan S, Yang C, Mori S, Pletnikov MV, Guilarte TR. Schizophr Bull. 2014 May;40(3):575-84. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbt071. Epub 2013 May 28.

Mechanisms of lead and manganese neurotoxicity.  Neal AP, Guilarte TR. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2013 Mar 1;2(2):99-114.

Subcortical dopaminergic deficits in a DISC1 mutant model: a study in direct reference to human molecular brain imaging.  Jaaro-Peled H, Niwa M, Foss CA, Murai R, de Los Reyes S, Kamiya A, Mateo Y, O’Donnell P, Cascella NG, Nabeshima T, Guilarte TR, Pomper MG, Sawa A. Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Apr 15;22(8):1574-80. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt007. Epub 2013 Jan 11.

Manganese exposure induces α-synuclein aggregation in the frontal cortex of non-human primates.  Verina T, Schneider JS, Guilarte TR. Toxicol Lett. 2013 Mar 13;217(3):177-83. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.006. Epub 2012 Dec 20.

The impact of environmental metals in young urbanites’ brains.  Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Serrano-Sierra A, Torres-Jardón R, Zhu H, Yuan Y, Smith D, Delgado-Chávez R, Cross JV, Medina-Cortina H, Kavanaugh M, Guilarte TR. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2013 Jul;65(5):503-11. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.02.006. Epub 2012 Mar 19.

Dysregulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling in developing hippocampal neurons by Pb(2+): implications for an environmental basis of neurodevelopmental disorders.  Stansfield KH, Pilsner JR, Lu Q, Wright RO, Guilarte TR. Toxicol Sci. 2012 May;127(1):277-95. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs090. Epub 2012 Feb 17.

Enhanced nitric oxide production during lead (Pb²⁺) exposure recovers protein expression but not presynaptic localization of synaptic proteins in developing hippocampal neurons.  Neal AP, Stansfield KH, Guilarte TR. Brain Res. 2012 Feb 23;1439:88-95. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.037. Epub 2011 Dec 29.

Functional RNA interference (RNAi) screen identifies system A neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) as a mediator of arsenic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.  Oh RS, Pan WC, Yalcin A, Zhang H, Guilarte TR, Hotamisligil GS, Christiani DC, Lu Q. J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 17;287(8):6025-34. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.311217. Epub 2012 Jan 3.

Pathophysiology of manganese-associated neurotoxicity.  Racette BA, Aschner M, Guilarte TR, Dydak U, Criswell SR, Zheng W. Neurotoxicology. 2012 Aug;33(4):881-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.010. Epub 2011 Dec 21.

Is lead exposure in early life an environmental risk factor for Schizophrenia? Neurobiological connections and testable hypotheses.  Guilarte TR, Opler M, Pletnikov M. Neurotoxicology. 2012 Jun;33(3):560-74. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.11.008. Epub 2011 Dec 9. Review.

Manganese and Parkinson’s disease: a critical review and new findings.  Guilarte TR. Cien Saude Colet. 2011 Nov;16(11):4549-66. Review. Erratum in: Cien Saude Colet. 2012 Mar;17(3):809.

The innate immune response to coxsackievirus B3 predicts progression to cardiovascular disease and heart failure in male mice.  Onyimba JA, Coronado MJ, Garton AE, Kim JB, Bucek A, Bedja D, Gabrielson KL, Guilarte TR, Fairweather D. Biol Sex Differ. 2011 Feb 21;2:2. doi: 10.1186/2042-6410-2-2.

Lead exposure during synaptogenesis alters NMDA receptor targeting via NMDA receptor inhibition.  Neal AP, Worley PF, Guilarte TR. Neurotoxicology. 2011 Mar;32(2):281-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.12.013. Epub 2010 Dec 28.

Translocator protein (18 kDa)/peripheral benzodiazepine receptor specific ligands induce microglia functions consistent with an activated state.  Choi J, Ifuku M, Noda M, Guilarte TR. Glia. 2011 Feb;59(2):219-30. doi: 10.1002/glia.21091.

Manganese exposure induces microglia activation and dystrophy in the substantia nigra of non-human primates.  Verina T, Kiihl SF, Schneider JS, Guilarte TR. Neurotoxicology. 2011 Mar;32(2):215-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.11.003. Epub 2010 Nov 26.

Molecular neurobiology of lead (Pb(2+)): effects on synaptic function.  Neal AP, Guilarte TR. Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Dec;42(3):151-60. doi: 10.1007/s12035-010-8146-0. Epub 2010 Nov 2. Review.

Silica-based nanoparticle uptake and cellular response by primary microglia.  Choi J, Zheng Q, Katz HE, Guilarte TR. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 May;118(5):589-95. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901534.

Manganese and Parkinson’s disease: a critical review and new findings.  Guilarte TR. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Aug;118(8):1071-80. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901748. Epub 2010 Apr 19. Review.

Lead exposure during synaptogenesis alters vesicular proteins and impairs vesicular release: potential role of NMDA receptor-dependent BDNF signaling.  Neal AP, Stansfield KH, Worley PF, Thompson RE, Guilarte TR. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Jul;116(1):249-63. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq111. Epub 2010 Apr 7.

APLP1, Alzheimer’s-like pathology and neurodegeneration in the frontal cortex of manganese-exposed non-human primates.  Guilarte TR. Neurotoxicology. 2010 Sep;31(5):572-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.02.004. Epub 2010 Feb 25.

Synthesis of [(125)I]iodoDPA-713: a new probe for imaging inflammation.  Wang H, Pullambhatla M, Guilarte TR, Mease RC, Pomper MG. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Nov 6;389(1):80-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.102. Epub 2009 Aug 22.

Effects of chronic manganese exposure on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter markers in the nonhuman primate brain.  Burton NC, Schneider JS, Syversen T, Guilarte TR. Toxicol Sci. 2009 Sep;111(1):131-9. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp124. Epub 2009 Jun 10.

Prenatal lead exposure and schizophrenia: further evidence and more neurobiological connections.  Guilarte TR. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 May;117(5):A190-1. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800484. No abstract available.

Manganese neurotoxicity: lessons learned from longitudinal studies in nonhuman primates.  Burton NC, Guilarte TR. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Mar;117(3):325-32. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800035. Epub 2008 Oct 3. Review.

Impairment of nigrostriatal dopamine neurotransmission by manganese is mediated by pre-synaptic mechanism(s): implications to manganese-induced parkinsonism.  Guilarte TR, Burton NC, McGlothan JL, Verina T, Zhou Y, Alexander M, Pham L, Griswold M, Wong DF, Syversen T, Schneider JS. J Neurochem. 2008 Dec;107(5):1236-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05695.x. Epub 2008 Sep 20.

Developmental lead exposure impairs extinction of conditioned fear in young adult rats.  McGlothan JL, Karcz-Kubicha M, Guilarte TR. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Nov;29(6):1127-30. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.06.010. Epub 2008 Jul 10.

Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO): molecular sensor of brain injury and repair.  Chen MK, Guilarte TR. Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;118(1):1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 Feb 9. Review.

Increased APLP1 expression and neurodegeneration in the frontal cortex of manganese-exposed non-human primates.  Guilarte TR, Burton NC, Verina T, Prabhu VV, Becker KG, Syversen T, Schneider JS. J Neurochem. 2008 Jun;105(5):1948-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05295.x. Epub 2008 Feb 13.

Dysregulation of glutamate carboxypeptidase II in psychiatric disease.  Guilarte TR, Hammoud DA, McGlothan JL, Caffo BS, Foss CA, Kozikowski AP, Pomper MG. Schizophr Res. 2008 Feb;99(1-3):324-32. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.11.013. Epub 2008 Jan 10.

VMAT2 and dopamine neuron loss in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease.  Chen MK, Kuwabara H, Zhou Y, Adams RJ, Brasić JR, McGlothan JL, Verina T, Burton NC, Alexander M, Kumar A, Wong DF, Guilarte TR. J Neurochem. 2008 Apr;105(1):78-90. Epub 2007 Nov 5.

Manganese inhibits NMDA receptor channel function: implications to psychiatric and cognitive effects.  Guilarte TR, Chen MK. Neurotoxicology. 2007 Nov;28(6):1147-52. Epub 2007 Jun 26.

Manganese: recent advances in understanding its transport and neurotoxicity.  Aschner M, Guilarte TR, Schneider JS, Zheng W. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 1;221(2):131-47. Epub 2007 Mar 12. Review.

Pharmacodynamic characterization of chemopreventive triterpenoids as exceptionally potent inducers of Nrf2-regulated genes.  Yates MS, Tauchi M, Katsuoka F, Flanders KC, Liby KT, Honda T, Gribble GW, Johnson DA, Johnson JA, Burton NC, Guilarte TR, Yamamoto M, Sporn MB, Kensler TW. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Jan;6(1):154-62.

Effects of chronic manganese exposure on cognitive and motor functioning in non-human primates.  Schneider JS, Decamp E, Koser AJ, Fritz S, Gonczi H, Syversen T, Guilarte TR. Brain Res. 2006 Nov 6;1118(1):222-31. Epub 2006 Sep 15.

Evidence for cortical dysfunction and widespread manganese accumulation in the nonhuman primate brain following chronic manganese exposure: a 1H-MRS and MRI study.  Guilarte TR, McGlothan JL, Degaonkar M, Chen MK, Barker PB, Syversen T, Schneider JS. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Dec;94(2):351-8. Epub 2006 Sep 12.

In vivo modulation of the Parkinsonian phenotype by Nrf2.  Burton NC, Kensler TW, Guilarte TR. Neurotoxicology. 2006 Dec;27(6):1094-100. Epub 2006 Aug 5.

Nigrostriatal dopamine system dysfunction and subtle motor deficits in manganese-exposed non-human primates.  Guilarte TR, Chen MK, McGlothan JL, Verina T, Wong DF, Zhou Y, Alexander M, Rohde CA, Syversen T, Decamp E, Koser AJ, Fritz S, Gonczi H, Anderson DW, Schneider JS. Exp Neurol. 2006 Dec;202(2):381-90. Epub 2006 Aug 22.

An extended simplified reference tissue model for the quantification of dynamic PET with amphetamine challenge.  Zhou Y, Chen MK, Endres CJ, Ye W, Brasić JR, Alexander M, Crabb AH, Guilarte TR, Wong DF. Neuroimage. 2006 Nov 1;33(2):550-63. Epub 2006 Aug 21.

Translocator protein (18kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function.  Papadopoulos V, Baraldi M, Guilarte TR, Knudsen TB, Lacapère JJ, Lindemann P, Norenberg MD, Nutt D, Weizman A, Zhang MR, Gavish M. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006 Aug;27(8):402-9. Epub 2006 Jul 5. Review.

Imaging the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor response in central nervous system demyelination and remyelination.  Chen MK, Guilarte TR. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Jun;91(2):532-9. Epub 2006 Mar 22.

Experience-dependent regulation of zif268 gene expression and spatial learning.  Toscano CD, McGlothan JL, Guilarte TR. Exp Neurol. 2006 Jul;200(1):209-15. Epub 2006 Mar 20.

Acute manganese administration alters dopamine transporter levels in the non-human primate striatum.  Chen MK, Lee JS, McGlothan JL, Furukawa E, Adams RJ, Alexander M, Wong DF, Guilarte TR. Neurotoxicology. 2006 Mar;27(2):229-36. Epub 2005 Dec 2.

In vivo imaging of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in mouse lungs: a biomarker of inflammation.  Hardwick MJ, Chen MK, Baidoo K, Pomper MG, Guilarte TR. Mol Imaging. 2005 Oct-Dec;4(4):432-8.

Lead neurotoxicity: from exposure to molecular effects.  Toscano CD, Guilarte TR. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005 Nov;49(3):529-54. Epub 2005 Mar 31. Review.

Imaging glial cell activation with [11C]-R-PK11195 in patients with AIDS.  Hammoud DA, Endres CJ, Chander AR, Guilarte TR, Wong DF, Sacktor NC, McArthur JC, Pomper MG. J Neurovirol. 2005 Aug;11(4):346-55.

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II levels in rodent brain using [125I]DCIT quantitative autoradiography.  Guilarte TR, McGlothan JL, Foss CA, Zhou J, Heston WD, Kozikowski AP, Pomper MG. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Oct 28;387(3):141-4.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity and expression are altered in the hippocampus of Pb2+-exposed rats.  Toscano CD, O’Callaghan JP, Guilarte TR. Brain Res. 2005 May 17;1044(1):51-8. Epub 2005 Apr 2.

Prenatal lead exposure and schizophrenia: a plausible neurobiologic connection.  Guilarte TR. Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep;112(13):A724. No abstract available.

Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor imaging in CNS demyelination: functional implications of anatomical and cellular localization.  Chen MK, Baidoo K, Verina T, Guilarte TR. Brain. 2004 Jun;127(Pt 6):1379-92. Epub 2004 Apr 6.

Lead exposure alters cyclic-AMP response element binding protein phosphorylation and binding activity in the developing rat brain.  Toscano CD, McGlothan JL, Guilarte TR. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2003 Nov 12;145(2):219-28.

Selective decrease in NR1 subunit splice variant mRNA in the hippocampus of Pb2+-exposed rats: implications for synaptic targeting and cell surface expression of NMDAR complexes.  Guilarte TR, McGlothan JL. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2003 May 12;113(1-2):37-43.

Elevated peripheral benzodiazepine receptor expression in simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis.  Mankowski JL, Queen SE, Tarwater PJ, Adams RJ, Guilarte TR. J Neurovirol. 2003 Feb;9(1):94-100.

Environmental enrichment reverses cognitive and molecular deficits induced by developmental lead exposure.  Guilarte TR, Toscano CD, McGlothan JL, Weaver SA. Ann Neurol. 2003 Jan;53(1):50-6.

Developmental Pb2+ exposure alters NMDAR subtypes and reduces CREB phosphorylation in the rat brain.  Toscano CD, Hashemzadeh-Gargari H, McGlothan JL, Guilarte TR. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2002 Dec 15;139(2):217-26.